Message passing

A communication paradigm where independent processes coordinate by exchanging discrete data packets rather than sharing memory.

Message passing is the backbone of resilient distributed systems and concurrent programming. By treating communication as an explicit exchange of messages (think Erlang actors or RabbitMQ clusters) components remain decoupled and isolated. This architecture eliminates the race conditions inherent in shared-state concurrency and allows services to scale across physical nodes without changing their logic. Whether you are implementing the Message Passing Interface (MPI) for high-performance computing or using pub/sub for microservices, the goal is the same: reliable, asynchronous coordination that survives individual component failures.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passing