Graph Ontologies

Graph Ontologies are the formal, machine-readable blueprints: they define the entities, relationships, and logical rules (axioms) that structure a domain-specific Knowledge Graph.

This technology delivers a shared, unambiguous vocabulary (formal semantics) for complex data ecosystems. Built on W3C standards like the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and RDF Schema (RDFS), an ontology acts as the schema for the graph. It enforces consistency and enables sophisticated automated reasoning: inferring new facts (e.g., transitive relationships) without explicit storage. For example, the Financial Industry Business Ontology (FIBO) standardizes financial concepts, allowing systems to unify disparate data sources and detect complex patterns like hidden ownership structures.

https://www.ontotext.com/knowledgehub/fundamentals/what-is-a-knowledge-graph/