ICE

ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) coordinates STUN and TURN protocols to bypass NATs and establish direct peer-to-peer media streams.

ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) solves the problem of peer-to-peer connectivity across restrictive networks. Defined in RFC 8445, this framework manages the systematic search for the most efficient data path between two endpoints. It prioritizes direct host-to-host connections before falling back to STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) or TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT) servers. By gathering multiple IP candidates (local, reflexive, and relayed), ICE ensures low-latency communication for WebRTC and VoIP applications. It handles the heavy lifting of NAT traversal so developers can focus on the application layer.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8445