DOM

The DOM is the programming interface for web documents: it transforms static HTML into a live tree of objects that scripts can manipulate in real time.

Browsers convert HTML into a structured tree of objects called the DOM (Document Object Model). This interface allows JavaScript to target specific nodes: such as a <ul> list or a <button> element: to modify content and styles dynamically. By using methods like createElement() and appendChild(), developers build interactive interfaces that update instantly without refreshing the page. It is the core mechanism behind modern web frameworks (React and Vue) and follows strict standards maintained by the WHATWG to ensure cross-browser reliability.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model