GLONASS

Russia's premier satellite constellation providing global PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) services via 24+ operational spacecraft.

GLONASS (Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) is the Russian Federation's answer to GPS, managed by Roscosmos from the Information-Analytical Centre in Korolyov. The architecture relies on a full constellation of 24 satellites distributed across three orbital planes at an altitude of 19,100 km. By utilizing FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) and newer CDMA signals, it delivers sub-5-meter horizontal accuracy for civilian users worldwide. Most modern smartphones and receivers (like those from Garmin or Qualcomm) fuse GLONASS data with GPS to increase satellite visibility and fix-times in high-latitude regions or dense urban canyons.

https://www.glonass-iac.ru/en/