memristor

A non-volatile, two-terminal passive component: its resistance (memristance) is not fixed, but dynamically 'remembers' the history of charge that has flowed through it.

The memristor is the fourth fundamental passive circuit element, theoretically predicted by electrical engineer Leon Chua in 1971. It functions as a 'memory resistor,' maintaining its resistance state (a binary 0 or 1) even after power is removed (non-volatile memory). HP Labs, led by R. Stanley Williams, physically demonstrated the first stable prototype in 2008 using a thin film of titanium dioxide ($\text{TiO}_2$). This technology is now critical for next-generation computing: it enables high-density, low-power resistive random-access memory (RRAM) and is a core component for advanced neuromorphic (brain-like) computing architectures.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memristor